ASCII

ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

Originally based on the English alphabet, it encodes 128 specified characters into 7-bit binary integers as shown by the ASCII chart below The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols,control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and space. 

For example, lowercase e would become binary 1100101.

ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters.

ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic).